En “El Quijote” Capítulo IV aparece este diálogo entre nuestro Hidalgo y el bachiller Sansón Carrasco:
-Y por ventura -dijo don Quijote-, ¿promete el autor segunda parte?
-Sí promete -respondió Sansón-, pero dice que no ha hallado ni sabe quién la tiene, y así, estamos en duda si saldrá o no; y así por esto como porque algunos dicen: “Nunca segundas partes fueron buenas”
Por eso se afirma lo de que “nunca segundas partes fueron buenas” para aludir al fracaso de la segunda parte de una película o de una obra artística pero hay veces en las que “llegar el primero” no es sinónimo de éxito sino que los “que llegan después” suelen ir “mucho más allá” y la historia esta llena de “segundos que triunfaron” por lo que aquella frase quijotesca debería cambiarse por esta otra: “A veces segundas partes fueron buenas“. Veamos algunos ejemplos.
El coche eléctrico.-
El coche eléctrico fue inventado en 1828 por el Húngaro, Ányos Jedlik y alcanzo una gran notoriedad en el año 1899 con un vehículo mítico llamado “Jamais Contente” que con una curiosa forma de torpedo logró superar la barrera de los 100 kilómetros por hora
Pero la mejor evolución del coche movido por electricidad se produjo cuando General Motor fabricó su famoso modelo EV-1 que fue llamado “The Car of The Future.
El GM EV1 utilizaba un paquete de baterías de plomo-ácido que le proporcionaban una autonomía de unos 115 kilómetros, y conjugaba el diseño y la ingeniería más sofisticada en los años 90
Después de que los “lobbies” petroleros y automovilísticos consiguieran cargarse aquel el coche eléctrico no ha habido otro igual. La General Motors pese a que con el EV1 consiguió un vehículo que conjugaba “diseño e ingeniería sofisticada” después de construir 1.117 unidades los mandó destruir y sólo en Rolla en el Estado de Missouri, queda un último EV1 abandonado. En el documental “¿Quién mató al coche eléctrico?” se puede ver como se crea y se destruye aquel maravilloso coche que nos mostraba como aquel invento del siglo XIX hacia que “segundas partes fueran muy buenas”
Las Tabletas PDA.-
¿Quien hoy en día no tiene una tableta PDA moderna? Con pantalla sensible al tacto, conexión a “la nube”, conectividad a redes y reconocimiento de escritura estas máquinas empezaron su auge cuando en 1995 apareció la empresa Palm, Inc. (de hecho las PDA son a veces llamadas Palm o Palm Pilot), pero estos aparatitos tienen un “abuelo ” que se llamaba “Message Pad” .El “Message Pad ” se popularizó como el “Apple Newton” (que era el nombre de su sistema operativo) y salió al mercado en 1993 con un lápiz de pantalla y un reconocimiento de escritura que-todo hay que decirlo- “acertaba más bien poco”.
Luego Apple desarrollo su iPad, Otro ejemplo de que “segundas partes fueron buenas”
La Telefonía móvil .-
En 1985 Karen Bertiger, la mujer del presidente de Motorola Bary Bertiger inspiró a su marido la “idea genial” de poner en órbita un sistema de 66 satélites para desarrollar un sistema de comunicaciones inalámbricas que funcionara desde cualquier parte del mundo. La llamaron “Iridium” y aquellos satélites giraban alrededor de la Tierra en 6 órbitas bajas LEO a una altura aproximada de 780 km, La constelación Iridium fue diseñada por Motorola para proveer Servicios Satelitales Móviles (SSM) con cobertura global de voz y datos. Así surgieron “los primeros móviles” de la historia.
Aquel servicio, fue puesto en funcionamiento el 1 de noviembre de 1998 y quebró financieramente el 13 de agosto de 1999 por lo que sus satélites forman parte de la ingente basura espacial. Los terminales móviles para usarlos eran grandes y pesados. El primer teléfono móvil que Motorola puso a la venta en EEUU, era el DynaTAC 8000X, y su precio era de 3995 dólares (sólo los ricos se lo podían permitir), pesaba 0,79 Kg, y sus dimensiones eran de 33 x 4,45 x 8,9 cm.
Permitía hablar ininterrumpidamente durante 30 minutos con una batería que en standby podía permanecer 8 horas en funcionamiento. Una vez llegados a ese punto, eran necesarias 10 horas para recargarlo. En su desarrollo, Motorola invirtió 15 años y 100 millones de dólares. Con el empezó la generación 1G que duró hasta principios de los años 90.
A mediados de los 90 los teléfonos evolucionaron a modelos más pequeños y menos pesados, y pasaron a ser digitales empezando por la generación 2G, que usaba GSM.
A finales de los 90 surgió la generación 2,5G con mensajería EMS, luego vinieron los MMS y las nuevas tecnologías GPRS y EDGE
Y en los años 2000, surgió la tercera generación 3G, con los smartphones y por último ya tenemos la cuarta generación del 4G
Si Mrs Bertiger hubiera sabido lo de que “siempre segundas partes fueron buenas” Motorola no habría perdido tanto tiempo y dinero en tecnologías que rápidamente resultaron obsoletas.
Las Redes sociales.-
También en este terreno se ve lo que supone “mejorar el camino iniciado por otro”. “Jaiku” fue una empresa finlandesa, pionera en este género creada en febrero de 2006 por Jyri Engestrm y Petteri Koponen de Finlanpor Helsinki que daba un servicio de redes sociales que permitía a sus usuarios enviar mensajes de texto, con una longitud máxima de 140 caracteres. Los mensajes que los usuarios creaban se llamaban “Jaikus” y el sitio les permitía mantenerse en contacto e interactuar con sus amigos a través de la página web, o a través de una aplicación móvil
Pero varios meses después de que naciera “Jaiku” entró Twitter que se coronó como la mejor apuesta en el corazón de nuestros smartphones . Y es que- una vez más- se repitió aquello de que “las segundas partes mejoran a las primeras”
Aunque Neil Amstromg pronunciase su famosa frase de: “Es un pequeño paso para el hombre y un gran paso para la Humanidad” en realidad están siendo la “segunda parte” del camino de la carrera espacial abierto por otro hombre llamado Yuri Gagarin, porque “los que llegan después” tienen la oportunidad de corregir los fallos cometidos por los que empiezan. En el mundo de la tecnología esa frase del Quijote no vale porque “las segundas partes” siempre son mejores que las primeras“.
Es todo muy interesante. Lo que más ha llamadao mi atención es la historia de este coche eléctrico de la cual no sabía nada. Qué putada que te obliguen a devolver esa preciosidad. Aunque no hubiera funcionado ni su mechero valdría la pena guardarlo por su valor de coleccionista.
Y que lo digas amigo. Yo me acuerdo muy bien de la salida de aquel coche que fue “una auténtica revolución” (y además era precioso y muy rápido) pero los lobbies automovilísticos y petroleros “se lo cargaron” y además consiguieron que California rectificara aquella ley de “límite de emisiones de CO2” que era fantástica pero la GM “nadaba y guardaba la ropa” y nunca quiso vender “en firme” aquel coche y sólo lo cedía en régimen de alquiler. Todo un ejemplo de que la “tecnología” está al servicio de los intereses económicos. A mi no me extrañaría nada que se hubiese ya descubierto un medicamento que “cure el cáncer” y no lo saquen porque fastidia todo el tinglado que tienen las Farmacéuticas con otros que venden para esta enfermedad con los que “se están forrando”
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